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  • Oman. Frankincense plants in the Dhofar region, where the greater part of the incense traded in the ancient world was obtained
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_001
  • Yemen. The volcanic headland where the ancient port of Qana once stood, the caravans carrying incense used to leave from here
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_002
  • Yemen. Fishermen in a tent near the village of Bir'Ali, near the ancient port of Qana. In this area the dunes reach the sea
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_003
  • Yemen. View over the city of Shibam, a UNESCO world heritage site, in the Wadi Hadramaut, along the old incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_004
  • Yemen. Veiled women buying incense in Al-Mukalla market
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_005
  • Yemen. A hookah-smoker in a square in the city of Shibam, a UNESCO world heritage site, in the Wadi Hadramaut, along the old incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_006
  • Yemen. Young Bedouin women taking goats to pasture in the Wadi Daw'an, along the old incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_007
  • Yemen. A young Bedouin woman from Shibam
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_008
  • Yemen. Some Bedouins live amongst the ruins of the 'Old Ma'rib', ancient capital of the Kingdom of Sheba
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_009
  • Yemen. A girl passes in front of the five pillars of the Temple of the Moon in 'Arsh Bilqis', with her sheep
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_010
  • Yemen. A group of Bedouins who live amongst the ruins of the 'Old Ma'rib', ancient capital of the Kingdom of Sheba
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_011
  • Yemen. View over the city of San'a with the Bab Al Yaman gate in the foreground
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_012
  • Yemen. An incense seller chewing qat in front of the Bab Al Yaman gate in San'a
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_013
  • Yemen. Two brothers celebrating their joint wedding in San'a in a tent put up for the occasion. During the festivities, qat is chewed.
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_014
  • Yemen. Young San'a women veiled from head to toe
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_015
  • Yemen. The reservoir where the women from the village of Hababa come to collect water
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_016
  • Yemen. Inhabitants from the village of Shihara take their sheep to pasture, carrying the harvest from the fields on their backs
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_017
  • Yemen. The Medieval bridge which connects the two parts of the village of Shihara
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_018
  • Yemen. The houses in the village of Shihara, which is located at 2,600 m in the Jebel Shihara, an ancient Zaydi stronghold
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_019
  • Yemen. Inhabitants from the village of Shihara fire their light machine guns in the surrounding valleys to celebrate a religious festival
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_020
  • Saudi Arabia. View of the cliffs overlooking the valley where the oases and the city of El Ula are located, near the ancient Nabataean city of Hegra, along the incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_021
  • Saudi Arabia. Panorama and views of the ancient city of El Ula, abandoned and now being restored, along the incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_022
  • Saudi Arabia. Inside the ruins of a house in the ancient city of El Ula, abandoned and now being restored, along the incense caravan route
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_023
  • Saudi Arabia. The tombs in the ancient Nabataean city of Hegra, today called Mada'in Saleh, which the Arabs call 'el ferid' (the solitary)
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_024
  • Saudi Arabia. A young Bedouin from a family of camel farmers in El Ula
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_025
  • Saudi Arabia. A Bedouin leading camels into the Hisma Valley desert, in northern Saudi Arabia
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_026
  • Jordan. Rock graffiti depicting camels in the Rash Rashe site in the Wadi Rum desert in Jordan
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_027
  • Jordan. Aerial view over the Wadi Rum region with its sandstone peaks and red sand dunes cut by the tracks once used by the caravaneers
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_028
  • Jordan. The sandstone scenery around the Nabataean city of Petra, ancient destination of the incense trade
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_029
  • Jordan. A Bedouin observing the El Khazneh 'The Treasury' building in the Nabataean city of Petra, ancient destination of the incense trade
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_030
  • Jordan. The El Deir building in the Nabataean city of Petra, ancient destination of the incense trade
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_031
  • A small incense burner
    Photo code: 0329_BZ_032

MIDDLE EAST - The incense route

Photos: Bruno Zanzottera

From Tutankhamun's mummification, to the rites honouring the god Baal in the Assyrian tombs, from Sheba's offerings to Solomon, to Poppaea's funeral, where Nero burnt more than Arabia could produce in a year, incense has always been favoured as a means of communicating with the gods. Frankincense resin, extracted from the Boswellia sacra, a bush which once grew wild in the Dhofar region of Oman, was then transported over the 2,000 km of caravan routes. The control of these commercial routes and the monopoly of the traffic, made a series of South Arabian kingdoms very rich, and whose wealth was exalted by the historians of the era, such as Pliny the Elder. Today we can follow this ancient Route, led by the aroma of that incense which once made the ancients dream, so much so that it was one of the most important gifts presented to Jesus.

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